Jack, Sergi Mainer and Priscilla Bawcutt have analysed the French connection in Scottish literature, while Stanford Reid has turned the Reformation in Scotland and France into a case study in sixteenth-century communication.

4 Since then, Stephen Wood has focused on the military connections between France and Scotland Duncan Macmillan, Richard Fawcett, Ian Campbell, John Harrison and Charles Mackean have looked at the continental influences on Scottish architecture and compared the politics of architecture in several European countries 5 R.D.S. Edith Bannerman’s doctoral dissertation on the French influences in Scotland at the time of Mary Queen of Scots was pioneering.

9 Elizabeth Bonner, “French Naturalization of the Scots in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries,” Hi (.)ģ These bonds have been studied from a great variety of angles.

E Lythe, The Economy of Scotland in its European Setting, 1550-1625, Wesport Conn, Greenwood (.)

7 Sally Rush, “French Fashion in Sixteenth-Century Scotland: The 1539 Inventory of James V’s Wardrobe (.).

Jack, “The French Connection: Scottish and French Literature in the Renaissance,” Scotia, (.)

5 Stephen Wood, The Auld Alliance: Scotland and France – The Military Connection, Edinburgh, Mainstre (.).

4 Edith Bannerman, Les influences françaises en Écosse au temps de Marie Stuart, Besançon, impr.

Along with the foreign goods, foreign merchants, foreign sailors, foreign fishermen, foreign craftsmen, foreign labourers, foreign artists and foreign musicians were a feature of ordinary life in Scotland, Lorraine and France. By the time of James IV, if we base our calculations on the speed of correspondence, Tours was five and half weeks away from Edinburgh and goods and people travelled from Scotland to France and from France to Scotland on a daily basis: Scottish fish, hides, leather, iron, lead, silver were exported while French wine, spices, ready-made clothes, soft furnishings, jewellery, artwork and books were imported. 3 The French and the Scots were not only tied militarily by the successive treaties of the Auld Alliance but they developed over the centuries strong cultural, intellectual and commercial bonds.

3 Eric Durot, « Le crépuscule de l’Auld Alliance: la légitimité du pouvoir en question entre Écosse, (.)Ģ The evolution between these two representations of Scotland – the former, which dates back to when the first alliance treaty was signed with France in 1295, and the latter, drawn at a time that Eric Durot has called “the twilight of the Auld Alliance” (1558-1561) – also illustrates the tighter links between Scotland and parts of Europe starting with France.

Scotland and Europe by David Ditchburn